Subject teachers and multimedia courseware

Abstract: This paper discusses the subject in teacher education and teaching in multimedia courseware existing problems and to solve these problems some effective ways to measure academic teachers described the need for independent production of multimedia courseware, the advantages and problems with relevant measures to solve. Aimed at the broad subject teachers understand the current education situation, efforts to improve the sound of modern teaching professional level.

Key words: problems on teachers of Multimedia Courseware



Modern education and teaching process and increasingly close ties of multimedia courseware, multimedia computer, multimedia courseware and other modern teaching new things in the application of modern education to improve education quality for playing an increasingly important role, but we should also clear Recognizing the urgent need at present there are some problems. We all know that even the best software, the performance of the most advanced multimedia computer, which itself does not have any educational effect, only when they are with the teaching content, teaching objectives, teaching organization, teaching methods linked, its entire significance and educational value can be demonstrated. Therefore, as the organizers and perpetrators of teaching the subject teachers, their status and role is irreplaceable. Currently, large-screen presentation focused on CAI teaching model is the main mode of teaching themselves by the design and production of multimedia courseware for teaching a more favorable secondary effect. It contains a teacher's educational thought. Reflect the teacher's creativity, combined with the teaching styles of teachers and teaching personality, and the computer form a complementary, in order to achieve optimization of classroom teaching.

1, multimedia courseware important role in teaching

Multimedia computer instruction must be carried out with the teaching goals, course content is closely related to the support of multimedia courseware. We usually put the theory in teaching under the guidance of teaching objectives, teaching strategies used to perform a specific task of teaching a computer program designed as educational software, referred to as multimedia courseware. Multimedia courseware to handle text, graphics, images, animation, audio, video, comprehensive ability. It focused on the film, television, slide projector, tape recorders and other advantages of teaching media, but also the characteristics of human-computer interaction. We know that teaching is essentially the help of teachers teaching the media content to the students to spread the process of teaching. Multimedia courseware in teaching, improving the teaching of media expression and interactive. The content of the media show more specific, more conducive to the spread of knowledge. Thus, in the media's help, teachers disseminate knowledge easily accepted by students. The students also can receive timely feedback, adjust the teaching content through timely, individualized, so that the orderly conduct of teaching. Therefore, the multimedia courseware for teaching the process of optimization, play an important role.

Second, the current common problems of multimedia courseware

1, courseware can not reflect the teaching styles

Multimedia courseware in the elite few, a number of multimedia courseware, but pirated textbooks, that is, the disc of the text materials. This courseware package because of the textbooks. Easier circulation, distribution, but often can not reflect the teaching styles and characteristics, in fact only an electronic reading.

Teachers want to make effective teaching to improve teaching effectiveness and student ability, classroom teachers must be made with computer multimedia teaching complement each other, to further strengthen the activities in teaching the dominant role, so the teachers to actively participate in multi-media teaching to the computer, Subject teachers should simply use the courseware more gradual transition into their own hands Courseware ranks, subject teachers personally produce multimedia courseware, teachers can fully reflect their teaching style, so better give full play to the advantages of multimedia teaching, to the classroom Optimization of Teaching.

2, closed Courseware

The key multimedia courseware, not courseware, no matter how good the hardware is only vase. Currently, the main source of multimedia courseware are: First, the computer company to market the material library or educational software CD-ROM, such a wide range of courseware, in using the process of selection is generally based on the needs of teaching from the use of the content for teaching; Second, the education sector organizational strength by China's current system of curriculum development and design of a more multi-media courseware; 3 organization by the school teachers and computer teachers, subjects, according to the actual teaching will need to develop small-scale, targeted, non-systematic multi-media courseware, such multimedia courseware is to address the most important and difficult teaching designed. Multimedia teaching in the classroom can be optimized to play the role of universal and depends largely on the quality of courseware, courseware that is educational, scientific, artistic and technical and other. Courseware can be seen from the source, most courseware prepared by professionals, good, so that upon completion of courseware, it closed with a specific teacher in the classroom teaching activities, it is difficult to re-edit to suit their current teaching activities.

3, courseware and adaptation of the lack of scientific

As the courseware closed, determine the student's freedom of courseware can not answer questions very limited adaptability, considerate of students concerned is out of the question. Further rapid development of multimedia courseware is up in recent years, an application software, its teaching is still in the infancy stage, the priorities of multimedia courseware missing, multimedia courseware for teaching strategies for science and the relevance of teaching content with sexual problems also exist.

4, other: the unity of the execution paths, the program implementation process of the monotony, interface design, personalized, student feedback on issues such as lack of intelligence.

Third, the current discipline problems teachers

1, multimedia courseware presentation of specific content issues

Multimedia teaching tools is only a secondary teaching methods, and it certainly shows the contents of the only play a supporting role, rather than classroom teaching Record. In fact, many teachers in dealing with this issue shows a blindness, the presentation of content in addition to other ancillary information, most of it is teaching Record, which is to design a class began to tell what, say what specific problems What is the correct answer, so subject teachers only as a member of role playing, students are only under the leadership of teachers in academic subjects, teachers in the secondary task to complete broadcast. Using multimedia in teaching, multimedia display should be the students do not understand, not some background material on information, explanations or some music, or are thinking, development issues or comic, or some reading material contrast and so on, using its full range of audio-visual effect, while the arrangement in question should also have gradient, depth and breadth, rather than a superficial glance to see the students out of the question. Because the full range of audio and visual effects can mobilize all the students thinking mechanism, can more easily resolve some of the original intractable problems, which problem difficulty, the breadth of the set should be higher than usual, a large number, does not help students to think otherwise.

2, emphasis on hardware development, teacher training neglect

Most subject teachers can not control the operation and use of information technology, there is no change in the traditional educational theories and concepts, information, teaching quality and efficiency is not high, information technology, and academic courses with no real together, man-machine system The building has not been given sufficient attention, teachers often use information technology equipment, helpless, from the independent design and production of multimedia courseware is still a considerable gap, which need further work for Education and other departments concerned, in particular, is a subject related to training of teachers, more teachers, we need to actively work hard to learn the general subject knowledge, to improve their design and production of multimedia courseware capacity.

3, subject teachers, the use of multimedia courseware design and poor knowledge

Currently, the city most subjects teachers use multimedia courseware design and less aware of the relevant knowledge, the contact time is shorter, multi-media teaching practical principles of courseware design, scientific principles, object-oriented principles, and effective design of multimedia information such as a principle is not systematically and comprehensively; the effective use of multimedia courseware using the principle of Qie Ruqia when the principle of guiding principles for teachers, the feedback principle, the same principles of integration of the principles of non-system, not comprehensive. Both also impede production of subject teachers, the use of multimedia courseware and teaching a major stumbling block to further improve results. Subject teachers should study more relevant theoretical knowledge, to further improve the sound itself.

4, subject teachers the feasibility of multimedia courseware

Multimedia courseware development and application of hardware and software environment and the support of multimedia material production tools to produce multimedia courseware and the distance we have been getting closer, both the computer's capacity, speed of the hardware environment, software or courseware to support conditions compiled in recent years have a number of key breakthroughs. With the development of multimedia computer technology, increasingly easy to use computer operating system, multimedia authoring software continuous graphical, visualization, application software development simplified so that more and more difficult. In particular, instrumental writing software to support the text, graphics, images, audio, video, etc., according to the system prompt, enter the courseware structure, course content and related data, to complete a simple, content rich, illustrated multimedia courseware, while does not require complicated programming, so the general subject teachers may be qualified for the job.

But when the teachers new to Courseware may experience many of the past are not familiar with new technologies, new techniques, new terminology, and practices and terminology of these technologies in different books and different occasions and variations, that is, not only the need for multimedia courseware material to integrate a variety of formats, but also in the minds of these new technologies, new techniques, new terminology integration - this is precisely the multimedia features of the current stage of development. So these new technologies, new techniques and new terminology for the subject teachers, the first sounds very strange, but in the multimedia environment, because material production simplification and integration of multimedia courseware, these new technologies, new techniques and The new terminology is not difficult to understand and operate. You just determined to try it, it will be a new, impressive, and also "dynamic" environment to attract creative, and slowly become familiar with and better understand the post, we can produce multimedia meet their teaching needs courseware. When in the classroom to use their own handmade multimedia courseware for teaching and succeed, you will find yourself personally meet the teaching needs of multi-media production of courseware is not difficult.

5, multimedia courseware produced by the subject teachers to the advantages of

1, subject teachers, teaching objectives can clearly understand the curriculum focus, and difficult

Subject teachers teaching in a course, most of them targeted teaching, the teaching in the target-oriented process, the subject of teaching teachers to know where the important and difficult. Another student characteristics as subject teachers, learning, teaching methods and other factors, by the master. Such teachers courseware design and production process will be goal-oriented teaching, the curriculum focus, or traditional teaching is not easy and difficult part of the course content is made clear from the multimedia courseware. So by the subject teachers to produce their own multimedia courseware can fully reflect their teaching style of teachers, targeted, targeted, these include teaching ideas and teaching material in the small courseware, teachers use in the classroom teaching process, teachers according to their own circumstances and understanding of options and combinations. It can be said to provide teachers with a teaching resource database, you can also say that this is a lesson planning system. This teaching resource more useful, more vitality.

2, subject teachers, the use of easy to grasp the opportunity and skills courseware

As a supplementary tool for multimedia, it will be inserted in the classroom to use, which there is a question: What time is the best time to demonstrate? Psychology, education tells us that the attention of students because of age, the impact of psychological differences, showing a kind of fugitive, that is not concentrated. And teaching a class related to any act of will disperse the students attention, such as teachers, clothes, speech, the moment the weather changes, not to mention the superb audio-visual multimedia. Thus, the multimedia presentation should be cautious. It requires teachers to be broadcast in time, place, and the point, do demonstrate the convergence of broadcast natural, smooth, just right. When necessary, teachers should unconsciously come to the machine next to the music played, the screen appeared, immediately after the completion of closure. In fact, many teachers in the demonstration ignored this important issue, make presentations and demonstrate teaching non-existence of a gap or a cold market, students have to stop thinking, observation of teacher-to-machine open and close the action. This "blind spot" so coherent a few scattered into the classroom and affect the teaching. The problem with the operating skills of skilled teachers, whether or not related, but another big reason is that teachers ignore the teaching of the principles of psychological causes or teaching, it should pay attention. Multimedia courseware in order to play a greater effectiveness of teaching, teachers should know how to flexible application in the classroom teaching of multimedia courseware. Subject teachers in the process of compiling the courseware, the design idea of the lecture is very clear and unequivocal that the courseware in the teaching role, and how to use time consistent with classroom teaching. Subject teachers on their own courseware produced a direct means such as support, to fully play the role of multimedia courseware in teaching. Can be seen, the subject teachers directly involved in courseware production, reducing the number of intermediate links, which greatly improve the accuracy of the courseware, practicality and effectiveness.

3, subject teachers are the main force of multimedia teaching

Subject teachers to achieve at a high level of modern education technology to achieve higher levels of education are optimized to achieve high quality education plays an important role. For the multimedia classroom teaching, the subject teachers to carry out multi-media teaching is based on their computer to learn, master and apply as the prerequisite. Education teachers understand the subject of the most thorough understanding of teaching practice, but also the most profound assessment and interpretation of modern educational thought, if another master of multimedia courseware for computer editing and production, subject teachers is bound to become the main force of multimedia teaching.

6, subject teachers help of multimedia teaching improvement ideas

1, to strengthen theoretical study and improve awareness of reform

Multimedia courseware for teaching theory is based on traditional teaching and learning theory, instructional design theory, psychological theory has been widely used in courseware designers of courseware development, courseware demonstrate the integration of educational theory and, using the teacher only mastered theoretical knowledge before they can be better understood and its combination with live courseware. Therefore, to find appropriate multimedia courseware and educational theory point of integration, the key is thinking of updating subject teaching.

2, collaborative team building to enhance the database

Currently, the city has an initial relatively high quality with a team of courseware design team, but the designers still among the basic independent exploration stage, without reservation, if the complementarity between the designer, the exchange of experiences, to develop a unified standard interface, interface design meets the design is simple, with a harmonious color, the font used in focused interface design appropriate button location and easy to understand the principles of icon design, play a team strength to tackle the problems, I believe there is no insurmountable difficulties. Education is the construction of the city's Municipal Planning Education Network to introduce the teaching of multimedia network system design, is a more feasible way to improve. Multimedia Network System is a major advantage of sharing teaching resources, teacher preparation in the teaching process, from the collection of text, maps, sound and image media material to the production of courseware, online and either terminal can receive service support, online teaching resources for teachers free selection of the design to optimize teaching and provide favorable conditions. Characteristics using two-way transmission networks, the production of materials deposited at any time can "Teaching information base." Teachers according to their understanding of classroom feedback, select the appropriate clips, any adjustment of the classroom use of the order of the relevant information.

3, optimized media, to play the leading role of teachers

CAI used in teaching is the inevitable trend of historical development, but the teacher's leading role in the classroom can not be weakened. Whether the production of courseware or courseware implementation, participation by teachers, and teacher-led regulation agile spot or not, determines whether the flexibility in the implementation of classroom teaching, teachers must be clear where CAI use, when to use , how to use, to what effects, in order to truly achieve the overall optimization of the computer for teaching to improve the quality play. Teachers should understand the multimedia courseware in the classroom does not exclude the conventional teaching media, and the advantages of multimedia courseware flexibility in teachers, through the optimal combination with conventional media, get to play vividly.

4, to improve the quality of teachers, strengthening the demonstration, training

Computer aided instruction to master certain knowledge, is the age requirement for teachers. Our teachers will be used not only to multimedia courseware for teaching, and I too should know the preliminary knowledge of computer operations, in courseware design plan on the first as far as possible consideration of possible variations, it is reasonable to set multiple paths, choose teaching content. Water play to break the way the design process to add multimedia material available in the network, at any time in the classroom need to access, reflect the teaching of wit and skillful use of the computer.

Multimedia technology for teaching, is a general trend, the historical necessity, conditions are good region has a fairly large scale, and received very good results. But the multimedia technology to optimize teaching must also give full play to the leading role of teachers, subject teachers, teaching ideas and methods, mature, and if further control the operation of computer technology and multimedia courseware design and production, will inject more for multimedia teaching vitality. We sincerely wish to change the general subject teachers, the traditional teaching concepts, injecting new teaching ideas, as soon as possible to participate to the production of multimedia courseware, developed a high-quality multimedia courseware system to optimize the classroom teaching, a large increase in education quality grade, train more excellent creator of the new century.







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Kim Hang Zhou Guoqiang, general manager of digital Zhongguancun Computer Festival in the fifth lectu

Manufacturing industry, promote the Zhongguancun International
---- Kim Hang Zhou Guoqiang, general manager of digital Zhongguancun Computer Festival in the fifth lecture
September 12, 2002

Ladies and gentlemen, good morning:

Today, very pleased to be working with all the leading industry experts, together with colleagues to attend the "Aviation Industry and Zhongguancun Science and Technology," International Forum to discuss "the development of China's knowledge economy, promote the Zhongguancun International" - a common concern theme. At the same time, we are willing to take this opportunity to interact with you and seek common development.

The 21st century, the world has entered the information and knowledge economy era. With the popularization of computer and network technology, information technology, further development and application of the production and human life has undergone great changes. The network and the face of economic globalization, countries are to accelerate economic information and industry information. In particular, the traditional manufacturing industry is full use of information technology to speed up the process of informatization.

-, Aviation Industry Application of Information Technology

In China, the aviation industry is also the earliest and most widely used computer technology and information technology industries. Over the years, information technology and its applications has made some achievements, including a large number of investment funds, with tens of thousands of workstations and computers, large scale design, analysis, manufacturing software and over a thousand sets of various types of management software ; many units have established a campus network, wide area private network the airline industry - King Air Network in the main had been completed, realized Aviation Group headquarters and affiliated enterprises. Between enterprises and institutions affiliated to the exchange, also developed a number of public information resources, have a better information base condition; information technology applications in engineering has also made remarkable achievements in the aviation industry, the factories where the Model Development , commonly used in production of digital design and CNC machining center with advanced manufacturing technology, the characteristics for the aviation industry, "Ninth Five-Year", during the aircraft design and manufacture of remote digital technology research, computer-aided design and manufacture of aircraft engine technology study, airborne equipment and other computer-aided design technology aviation industry information construction projects in the shop class manufacturing technology has also launched a smart cell control technology, flexible manufacturing fault diagnosis technology, the network database technology research and manufacturing plant-level integration technical research work, application of information technology already has a considerable scale and level; office automation (OA), for production management of enterprise resource planning (ERP) and other technologies have expanded and applied, covering aviation group Zongbu and their The enterprises of the project management, financial management information system, comprehensive statistical analysis of large-scale remote distributed network systems, application software system under development, part of the system has been put into operation, management, application level information onto a new level.

But in general terms, compared with the international aviation industry, China's aviation industry information technology is still in "the initial stage."

Second, digital air --- the future of China's aviation industry

Currently, the aviation industry was the best since the founding of development opportunities. With the development of national economy, the market's demand will continue to expand (such as foreign airplane subcontracting, domestic regional jet, etc.) to the country's aircraft development work Tigong Le Juda's development space. With the acceleration of global economic integration and China's accession to WTO, increasing competition, China's aviation industry's survival and development but also severe challenges.

Information is the world's economic and social development trend is to promote world economic development and social progress of the powerful driving force. In order to meet the needs of national economic development, enhance the aviation industry's competitiveness in domestic and international markets, we must accelerate the development of the aviation industry. And comprehensively push forward the informatization construction is an important means to achieve this goal, we meet the challenge, the only way to achieve leapfrog development.

Aviation industry information technology, compared to the general concept of the "Enterprise Information", with remote, multi-plant the cooperative, multitasking, and long development cycle. This means that the aviation industry information is a very large, complex systems engineering. The next five years, the aviation industry will be an important period for information technology. To take advantage of networking and digital enterprise technology, to promote the structure and layout optimization, completion of the whole group unified and efficient management system; the use of digital technology and industry expertise network to all machines, the whole process of full adoption of digital technology as the direction, focus on breakthrough The whole machine digital technology, product data management and process management technology, collaborative and concurrent design and manufacturing technology, supporting technology integration, project management and collaborative product commerce technology and other key technologies. Established for the large enterprise groups, based on wide area private network Collaborative agile product design and manufacturing system. To promote the aviation large group readjustment and optimization of resource integration, improve the level of aviation product development and rapid response capabilities of enterprise groups, using e-commerce technology, information integration technology, CALS digital technology support services to enhance the international competitiveness of aviation products.

High-tech aviation industry is one of the most intensive industry, while the traditional manufacturing industries. Its use of information technology a large number of high-tech, these results also can be applied to other manufacturing industries, such as automobile and shipbuilding.

Information technology industry is a "network technology, communications technology, computer technology" for the content of information technology to transform traditional manufacturing to achieve leap-forward development of major initiatives. The implementation of information technology industries, require extensive use of a variety of mature and commercialization of advanced high-tech products, is also necessary to carry out domestic and foreign IT companies and technical cooperation. Information technology industries and enterprises at home and abroad for various software and hardware businesses broad prospects for cooperation.

Third, manufacturing of digital information --- King Air positioning

King Air digital companies from China Aviation Industry Corporation I 18 unit co-sponsored, jointly established, is a modern enterprise system in accordance with the management of the IT market operation company. King Air Digital bear two key tasks, one enterprise information construction, and second, the construction information industry. King Air China Digital is positioning itself in the domestic first-class application of the implementation of enterprise information solutions provider. With large, complex "customized" enterprise application system development, integration, according to the needs of users, through its own R & D cooperation with domestic and international famous enterprises, etc., to mature and advanced management techniques, information technology and related products, provided to the user.

King Air 1 ERP, Kim Hang-OA are now well-known domestic brands, the company set up a year and a half, the formation of distinctive features with the overall competitiveness of manufacturing information and competitive advantage. Our customers all over the aviation, aerospace, shipbuilding, electronics and other military industries; the same time, household appliances, tobacco, machinery and other industries have a large number of our users. Has formed the center of Beijing to Shanghai, Xi'an, Chengdu, Harbin, Guizhou branch covering the whole country for the marketing and support network.

Joint promotion of common development, enhance our customer satisfaction is the rapid development of digital gold Hang important way. Currently, Kim Hang digital has IBMFDS, HP, PTC, ORACLE, CCID Consulting, UNITA many famous IT companies, manufacturers have established a good relationship, a close partner. This enables us to offer enterprises a comprehensive information technology solutions and services to provide better implementation. King Air digital both as an aviation and defense manufacturing the core of information technology backbone of the industry and other manufacturing information technology support to assume an important role, but also to develop into an IT industry to participate in international and domestic IT industry market competition.

4, Kim Zhongguancun International Air digital boost the current world trend is the globalization of manufacturing and network. In the WAN to remote design, remote manufacturing, commerce, and gradually developed into a digital enterprise. The number of enterprises the main content consists of four aspects, which are the product lifecycle management (digital design and manufacturing), enterprise resource management (digital management), supply chain management and customer relationship management (Digital Marketing), which we usually refer to enterprises internal. Department and the entire business process of comprehensive information.

Sum to him, the manufacturing sector, the development of information technology to achieve:

(1). Network - have the best support remote design, manufacturing, management and sharing of information transmission network platform;

(2). Digital - to digital design, manufacture and support of digital services;

(3). Integration - including information integration, process integration, inter-enterprise integration, form a complete system of systems;

(4). Resource optimization - all built on a network of information resources, classification of data management and sharing of resources used;

(5). Standardization - a standard system, to achieve the system's open, interoperable, cross-platform. King Air Digital through its own practice for the participants to master the development of information technology in today's manufacturing industry the latest technology, capable of building a modern digital business, but also ready for enterprise information technology services.

Beijing's internationalization and information technology in Silicon Valley - Zhongguancun comply with the direction of knowledge-based economy, to develop high-tech industry as the core of modern manufacturing-based industrial development strategy in Beijing to build more high-tech industries, traditional industries are better , more developed urban industry, the industry group. As high-tech enterprises in Beijing, Kim Hang digital company to determine its own development objectives are: knowledge services as the core competitiveness, knowledge products as a medium to accelerate technological innovation, and vigorously develop the market, and gradually developed into a cross-regional, international The information industry group. This section of the proposed computer: "developing the knowledge economy, promote the Zhongguancun International" consistent direction.

King Air Digital Zhongguancun in boosting international road, on the one hand, by accelerating the user enterprise information, to promote the internationalization of the user enterprise; the other hand, cooperation with foreign companies, and its own research and development, accelerate the self-product of the upgrade, the expansion of domestic market, as soon as possible leave the international market.

2001, King Air China Zhongguancun digital by the media as one of the fastest growing companies, as a member of Zhongguancun, we are willing to strengthen cooperation with all levels of government, Zhongguancun business contact for participants. We believe that, through joint efforts we would further accelerate the dissemination of 淇℃伅 advanced technology while, can further enhance our ability to the user's technical support Fu Wu, Jijituijin IT technology in the application of Shendu 鍚?industry, to improve the enterprise's information the overall level of technology to achieve China's aviation industry and other industries developed rapidly. Let us work together, "Let Zhongguancun to the world, let the world know Zhongguancun."

Finally, I wish the Fifth Zhongguancun Computer Festival a success! Thank you!

Zhou Guoqiang

Kim Hang Digital Technology Co., Ltd general manager, researcher, "science and technology committee of economic experts" experts, aviation computer-aided management to promote members of the Group.

Study: Gold Hang Digital Technology Co., Ltd. General Manager Zhou Guoqiang






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The basic principles of SSL

0 Introduction

Three years ago, my company has established and suppliers B2B e-commerce sites, I participate in this project to understand the network traffic encryption and SSL-related knowledge. With my knowledge and understanding of e-commerce continued to deepen, with the current continual emergence of various e-commerce platform, I stepped up on the SSL's learning and understanding. This will combine to present my understanding of the basic principles of SSL, considering most of those who read this article for the security and encryption has some understanding and awareness of this paper is as follows:

1 first introduced the SSL communication diagram, relevant background knowledge of network security people can read about the plan's basic principles of SSL.

2 on the SSL communication on the diagram to explain the text and description here will involve a number of encryption and security terms, so people who read for understanding this can be encrypted.

3 on some of the terminology involved a brief presentation and explanation, the need to understand the terminology of some encryption can be used as a brief reference to the reader.

The purpose of this paper is to explain in concise summary SSL principle, the need for readers to learn more about SSL theory can further read the relevant books and papers.

1 SSL communication diagram

SSL communication diagram shown in Figure 1:




2 SSL communications description

In this section, the schematic shown in Figure 1 will be explained. To illustrate the convenience of the client in this paper that for the B, the server side for the S.

STEP 1: B -> S (initiated dialogue, consultation transmission encryption algorithm)

Hi, S! I want you to security dialogue, my symmetric encryption algorithms are DES, RC5, I have RSA key exchange algorithm and DH, with MD5 digest algorithm and the SHA.

STEP2: S -> B (sending server digital certificate)

Hello, B! Then we use DES-RSA-SHA This combination of communication, in order to prove I was indeed S, now send me the digital certificate to you, you can verify my identity.

STEP 3: B -> S (send this dialogue of the key)

(Check S's digital certificate is correct, the certificate issued by CA agencies verify the validity of S after the real certificate. Generated by using S's public key encryption key to send this dialogue to the S)

S, I have confirmed your identity, now we have this communication in the symmetric key encryption algorithm to send to you.

STEP4: S -> B (for key)

(S to obtain their private key to decrypt the key in this newsletter).

B, I have access to the keys. We can start correspondence.

STEP5: S <-> B (for communication)

Note: In general, when B is confidential information during transmission by, B does not require digital certificates verify the authenticity of his or her identity, such as e-banking application, customers need to send your account number and password to the bank, the banks of the Fu Wuqi need to install the digital certificate to show the effectiveness of their own identity. In some B2B applications, server-side also needs to verify the identity of the client, then the client also need to install a digital certificate to ensure communication when the server can identify a client's identity, the identity verification process is similar to server authentication process.

Also need to note that in some e-commerce applications may also use the electronic signature, or to more secure information exchange, will increase the electronic signature and message check code (MAC).



3 describes the knowledge

With the continuous development of e-commerce, SSL protocol has been more widely used. SSL protocol is between the HTTP protocol and an optional layer between the TCP can be expressed as




Here we have an example to explain the how the SSL protocol to access the secure website, if we buy in the online game cards in the game click on the payment page, we will enter the following interface:



Then we note that in the browser's address bar begins with HTTPS rather than HTTP, the browser's bottom right corner there is a lock, indicating SSL encrypted channel has been established. As layer in the process of HTTP request into a first HTTP request, then SSL TCP and IP layer by layer to achieve the browser and server handshake (HANDSHAKE), the server level access to the key, the last TCP layer of encryption between the server channel to achieve the objective of both sides to exchange information security.

In order to facilitate understanding of SSL, the following information in a brief overview of encryption-related knowledge. Encrypted information using the key type of encryption algorithm can be divided into the following categories: HASH coding, symmetric encryption and asymmetric encryption categories.

HASH HASH algorithm coding is to use the length of the message from any calculation of the value of a process HASH, HASH value can be said that the fingerprint information, as any different messages, almost always have different values HASH. Therefore, in the process of SSL communications, messages can be encrypted HASH value to ensure the delivery of the message has not been altered during transmission.

Called public key encryption or asymmetric encryption uses two mathematically related values to encode the information (encrypted), in which a number called the public key, and the other called the private key. Public key encryption private key can decrypt the information, private key encryption public key can decrypt the information. As the public key can be issued a large area, so public-key encryption in the SSL encrypted communication used on the encryption keys or digital signatures.

Symmetric encryption and asymmetric encryption is the difference compared to symmetric encryption, the encrypted information and decrypt information using the same key, so the key can not open. But it has the encryption, decryption rapid.

In SSL communication, the first non-symmetric encryption exchange of information, so the server provides browser access to the symmetric encryption key, and then communicate using the key information in the process of encryption and decryption. To ensure the message has not been tampered with during transmission can be encrypted HASH code to ensure the integrity of information.

Server digital certificate issued to the main Web site or other server requires a secure identification to prove identity of the server information, the same client-side digital certificates used to prove the identity of the client. In Guangdong Electronic Certification Authority Web site, you can see all the digital certificates issued by the agency detailed description of the function.







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How far from the focus to the expertise?

"Our success is built on a professional team, keep improving the quality awareness and quality of service and service attitude basis, we must first find a suitable market segments and solutions, and then focused to do so, consistently, so deep to do through. "This is a Microsoft Gold Certified Partner - Shanghai Grape City Information Technology Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as grape City) Vice President Lee said in an interview are the words, which is the grape has always been adhering to the corporate philosophy of the city.

Technology first, focus on the professional achievements

Grape City into China since 1988, has always focused on technology development, focused on production and sales enterprise, specializing in IT technology play a greater value in the customer service role. It is this focus, the professional achievements of the grape City, Shideputao City as a software company, Microsoft's China region through the first CMMI 4 绾?(software Yanfa Capability Maturity Model) Certified Partner.

As a foreign-funded enterprises to enter China since the beginning of grape City, location is very clear focus on the Microsoft platform-based software development, implementation and training services. In the years of technical development and implementation based on the technical strength not only continue to strengthen, the customer is also deepening the understanding of business, customer service experience is enriched. Years of dedicated, accumulated enough resources and strength. Grape City in transition to provide customers with integrated solutions to their technology, services, advantages more fully into play. Grape City in many cases, we can see the advantages of its technology brings unique value to customers.

For example in 2007, in the implementation of a Fortune 500 client MOSS (Enterprise Information Portal) solution of the project, the city successfully grape existing customers in more than 20 different types of systems to the MOSS platform set under the goal of the system integration and to help clients achieve IT efficiency. In this project, more than 20 system integration, both technically and from the coordination of the existing system provider, has a great challenge.

In order to give full play to the role of MOSS platform, organized the city's grape technical consultant also carried out a number of technical breakthroughs, while the power company's technology organization to coordinate efforts to solve MOSS Microsoft technical support for multi-system integration issues, on the other hand the technology Consultants are divided into several groups, coordination of client resources, respectively, a provider of a way to communicate with the existing system to address the issue of integration of various systems. In many system providers to communicate with, the grape is not only the city's technical consultant demonstrated superb communication skills, but also to the customer's understanding, mastery of each system to win customer trust and praise.

Grape City in focus, while also continue to sum up the common customer needs, with targeted product development. It is understood that being a city built entirely on grape MOSS platform workflow product research and development, this product can significantly reduce the user based on the MOSS platform workflow system implementation and development costs. For business users and IT departments can conduct its own business process design, greatly reduce the learning cost and the learning curve.棰勬湡灏嗗湪浠婂勾7銆?鏈堜唤鍦ㄤ腑鍥藉競鍦烘帹鍑恒?

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銆??姣斿鍦ㄦ煇涓叏鐞冩?璁よ瘉鍏徃鐨勫ぇ涓崕鍖哄疄鏂組OSS绯荤粺鐨勬渚嬩腑锛岃憽钀勫煄涓嶄粎鎴愬姛鍦板疄鐜颁簡瀹㈡埛瀵规枃妗ｇ鐞嗙殑涓ユ牸瑕佹眰锛屾洿灏嗚繖绉嶆枃妗ｅ綊绫荤鐞嗗彉鎴愪簡鑷繁鐨勪紭鍔匡紝鍦ㄥ悗鏉ユ湇鍔″叾浠栧鎴锋椂鍙戞尌浜嗛噸瑕佷綔鐢ㄣ?

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Carefully key in secret

United States, "Computerworld" survey of 100 hotel card keys and found: Some hotel card key may be recorded as a guest of the data. Magnetic card key store personal information about the city myth once again cause for concern.

Fact or fiction?

U.S. Hotel Industry Association (AHLA) President Joe McInerney, said: "This is a legend, is not the case." Although he admitted almost every six months, the total availability of the reports did appear under.

The fall of 2005, Pennsylvania, a travel club's IT manager, told the "Computerworld" said his visit to three hotels in the chain, the hotel card key in the discovery of personal information. The IT professional said he was an ordinary ISO standard magnetic card reader read the card. A vacation to the magnetic card keys to record his credit card information, address and name. When he told the hotel this result, the hotel that surprised. His comments appear in the blog last September, causing a stir.

As the "Computerworld" part of the investigation, travel journalists and staff bring back a time span of six weeks of the 52 magnetic card key. The card from the various hotels and retreat, from Motel 6 to Hyatt Regency and Disney World. We use a card reader MagTek Inc. ISO standard (anyone can buy online reader) scan of the card.

Most magnetic card reader using the market simply could not be read. Either Benson or "Computerworld" no personally identifiable information found in the above. Accordingly, we believe that U.S. hotel guests can find the card key on any personal information. However, there are a number of industry experts on whether the old system can be configured to be stored in a given scenario a dispute arose concerning personal information.

To understand why the personal information can not appear in the hotel card key, you must first get to know the technology works. The use of electronic magnetic card lock is used to solve petty problems. AHLA Technical Committee Chairman Brian Garavuso said: "These problems almost disappeared." Most of the key only to record the room number, departure date and the "page" (folio) - the guest account code - although other data may be stored in the magnetic card on.

Lock a lock code sequence recorded. When the maturity of the card or insert a new card by brush, this series will move forward. Lock also records the guests, waiters or other hotel employee entered the room of time. Hotel door lock system is not connected with the front line. If the card is lost, given the new cards, the new card into the lock, the reset before the lock, the room is not to protect the state. Hotel card key locks are used because they are relatively cheap, heavy with keys is easy, including time limits and provide access to the room of the audit records.

Electronic lock systems use proprietary encoders and readers, most of the magnetic card keys unreadable. Card manufacturers Plasticard-Locktech Inc. (PLI) Chief Operating Officer Mark Goldberg said that, although ISO standard magnetic tape 3 in the magnetic track to save data, but the hotel door lock systems use proprietary encryption coding mode and the third track on the magnetic The room key data.

Only 15% of the measured magnetic card use USB card reader can read all the data. Read any number of strings of letters do not match the user's credit card number, also did not find any intelligible language. MagTek's Benson can extract the binary data from the card series, but can not decode it. He said, "need a special decoder card reader station." Electronic lock manufacturer Saflok company's new product manager Mike Scott said that even if one can buy, the data is unreadable, because they are encrypted.

Access to key information?

Most electronic lock system includes a tape encoders, user workstation and server software. System is mainly involved in property management system (PMS). PMS software processing reservations, registration and customer billing and other content, communication and electronic locking systems to generate a new magnetic card key, the billing data is sent to the back-end systems.

Point of sale system can also be connected to the PMS, so that the magnetic key on the customer account code can be used to record the room bill the cost of food or other items. In this case, the account code stored in the magnetic card magnetic track on the second. Card can be connected to the back-end accounting system, billing system, maintains the guests name, address and credit card information, so customers will like the card is a credit card as food or charge this card in the watery liquor.

Credit card data may be directly embedded in the card in it? Garavuso said: "This is generally not possible." Individual ownership of the hotel chain is often licensed to other owners, these owners may be outsourced to third-party hotel management - and may use a variety of back-end systems. But Garavuso said that although the back-end systems may be different, but all of the hotel chain companies require franchisees to use their property management system.

In some tourist areas or hotels, bars, restaurants or other premises used in the rental system may not save the customer billing data with PMS 杩炴帴. In this case, the hotel may choose to encode credit card data directly to the hotel key card, credit for consumption, rather than find their own Xiugai the trouble of the two systems. Such arrangements may IT managers who explained to the "Computerworld" reporting experience.

However, this possible? Columbia City, Maryland, Micros Systems PMS vendor marketing director Louise Casamento admitted: "If the old system, it is possible." She said in the past, people did not like this sense of safety, and ISO card reader when not online so easy to obtain. However, Saflok's Scott said such a thing is impossible. He said: "I have been engaged in this industry for 15 years, I have never seen such a thing." He added, Saflok system even allows the credit card data to the key card encoding options.

Norwegian electronic locking system manufacturer VingCard Jocelynn Lane, vice president, said: "I would say it certainly is a very old system - they are still in use - these systems may still be allowed to do so (refer directly to the credit card data encoding to the magnetic key on). "

Lane said travelers could find in the magnetic card keys to sensitive personal information on the only condition is that when they traveled abroad. She said: "Europe, some of the lock system, when you register for your credit card, guest name, all kinds of information input to the card on the key. But no such situation in the United States."

Find the perfect electronic key

Today's magnetic card key system, the use of flexible, cheap hotels and resorts in places widely used. Battery stand-alone access control systems rely on - no power or data connection, the operation is very simple; key change up is easy; locks have very high intelligence, can save time who entered the room and access to information, so as to security personnel leave a review of clues. As long as the normal battery, the system can be self-sustaining. Enter the new key each time, or the current key expires, the lock change combination lock for the next one.

Electronic locks and hotel companies are experimenting with other security key devices, including biometric fingerprint scanner, smart card and to make contact with the guests do not have locks on the card can open the door. Manufacturers also test infrared and other wireless technologies.

Proximity card reader is not popular because they can be used to track the whereabouts of the guests at all times. Hilton Grand Vacations Company CIO, American Hotel Association, said the Technical Committee Chairman Brian Garavuso, RFID chips embedded in a regular card in the test system has been deployed. He said: "Guests on the location of every moment we know that they feel uneasy."

Access control system manufacturers Saflok marketing manager Glenn Peacock, said his company can use the memory card door locks and smart card and magnetic stripe cards. However, to date, biometric fingerprint scanner has not been successful. Upon arrival of such systems and to generate a fingerprint reader for authentication of users and is the only method open the door. He said that although not save thumb fingerprint data, but users do not like to be taken fingerprints.

Norway VingCard Jocelynn Lane, vice president, said the cost and maintenance of access control system is easy to choose the best time to consider the factors of two factors. Sweden Timelox companies in a number of hotels in the deployment of smart card technology. Lane said, VingCard planned launch in 2006 its own RFID cards. In this system, the door Infrared way to build and install a wall thermostat connection, through the energy management system and the front of the access control system communication. This system has several advantages - for example, it can tell the door is open or forced open. It comes with room to determine whether any of the motion sensor, can adjust the climate control system to save energy when no one in the room.

It also enables remote control door lock, or to the front door can be reprogrammed. For example, if you enter a room on the 18th floor, find something wrong, you can call the front desk, on the 18th floor attendants can take you near a ready room. Front desk staff can reconfigure the two-room door, so that the new room, the door lock can accept your card, the old room's door lock does not accept. No guests can take the elevator back to the desk to complete it all.

Lane said that such systems are not suitable for all hotels. First, the cost of their use of magnetic key cards better than traditional electronic locks cheap. They are also more complex, more difficult to maintain them.

As these systems with front-and two-way communication between the rooms, it also brings a potential liability.

The hotel can afford such a system for energy conservation will be the return on investment. However, in most hotels, the rule is "keep it simple." Economy card key in the foreseeable future has been the hotel of choice for most of the security system. Source: "Computerworld"

Carry save something?

When guests check in the hotel, front desk property management system through the procedures for handling customer stay (1), property management system (PMS) maintains reservation information, guest registration information and customer billing information. PMS guests to create a unique account number, then send this number to lock management system (2), which will be the number encoded into (3) to customers in the magnetic card key, while there is room number written information , open the door lock code and check-in and check-out dates. Locks the data is encrypted using proprietary general format.

When the vacation place with the door card to allow guests dining, shopping or amusement park gift shop when consumption (4), account code and the names of the guests did not save encrypted form. These data are transmitted to POS scanning system (5). And POS system then consumer information, customer ID, and user name sent to the PMS, recorded in the customer's bill (6). However, all personal information - including the guest's address and credit card number - is stored in the PMS.






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89% home PC infected with 30 kinds of spyware record high since 2004

August 16 News, this week, two anti-spyware company Webroot Software Inc. released a report in that the second quarter of cases infected with some form of spyware or adware or a slight increase in the proportion of the consumer computer, to the highest level since 2004.

According to foreign reports, Webroot in its second quarter "spyware status" report that 89% of the average consumer PC infected with 30 kinds of adware / spyware, even though only a small increase over the first quarter, but Since 2004, the highest level since the fourth quarter. Webroot CEO David said in a statement, in less than a year ago, many security experts began to predict the number of spyware is reduced, will soon be extinct. This data was indeed provided support for this argument, we have 6 months to collect the data clearly show that: spyware is not extinct.

Webroot pointed out that the consumer PC is infected with malicious Trojan horse more and more. In the second quarter survey, 31% of those surveyed have a computer infected with a dangerous malicious code, compared with the previous quarter, an increase of 2 percentage points over the same period was up 12 percentage points.

PC infected with spyware companies less likely. The difference is that the consumer PC, business PC spyware infection the number of reduced or remained unchanged. According to Webroot, said about 70% of companies deployed some form of anti-spyware to keep technology.

David said that even the deployment of anti-spyware technology, enterprises can not be taken lightly. He said that spyware is a threat of an economic motive. As long as there are profits to computer criminals will always find ways to attack users.






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